![]() Signature over a telephone (voice verification). Some people are satisfied by reading the key However,Įach person is free to have their own standards for determining theĪuthenticity of a key. Multiple government-issued photo identification confirmations. Key fingerprint = 4C1E ADAD B4EF 5007 579C 919C 6635 B6C0 DE88 5DD3Ī good start to validating a key is by face-to-face communication with The crucial step to validation is to confirm the key fingerprint of the Key was created by an official representative of the Apache HTTP Server If a release verifies as good, you need to validate that the However, importing these keys is not enough to verify the integrity of the Website or retrieve them from the public PGP keyservers (see above). You may download public keys for the Apache project developers from our To validate the authenticity of this key. Would succeed because the key was not the 'real' key. Then, if you tried to verify the signature of this corrupt release, it They can then create a malicious release signed by this fake key. Key DE885DD3 was created by the real Sander Striker.Īny attacker can create a public key and upload it to the public key The nature of public key cryptography, you need to additionally verify that Signature means that the file has not been tampered with. Gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner.įingerprint: 4C1E ADAD B4EF 5007 579C 919C 6635 B6C0 DE88 5DD3Īt this point, the signature is good, but we don't trust this key. Gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! Gpg: Good signature from "Sander Striker " Let's try to verify the release signature again. Verifying this key was created by the person known as Sander Striker. In this example, you have now received a public key for an entity known as Gpg: key DE885DD3: public key "Sander Striker " imported Gpg: requesting key DE885DD3 from HKP keyserver Together, so you should be able to connect to any key server. You now need to retrieve the public key from a key This means that we don't have the release manager's public key ( DE885DD3) Gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found Gpg: Signature made Sat Jan 18 07:21:28 2003 PST using DSA key ID DE885DD3 (This should not happen if the signature file was downloaded from an ASF server, but it is safer to always specify the release filename) % gpg -verify httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz.asc httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz asc file is a self-contained signed file, GPG will only check that, and will not verify the release. If the release file is omitted, GPG will only check the signature against the release file if the signature is a detached signature. you must specify both the detached signature and the release file. Anyįirst, we will check the detached signature ( httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz.asc)Īgainst our release ( httpd-2.0.44.tar.gz). ![]() In this example, you are already assumed to have downloaded Is for the Apache HTTP Server project, but applies equally to other ASF The following example details how signature interaction works. Only if you check the hash can you be certain that your download hasn't been modified or is otherwise incomplete or faulty. Then compare it with the published checksum of the original. To check a hash, you have to compute the proper checksum of the file The download page shows which checksum files ![]() MD5 and SHA-1, which may have been used for older releases, are deprecated. Two files are (only) equal if their checksums are equal.Ĭomparing the checksums of two files is as good as comparing the two files Uniquely identifies the contents of the file. The checksum of a file is a fixed length string, that (in practice) They do not provide any guarantees as to the authenticity of the file. Checking Hashes ¶įile hashes are used to check that a file has been downloaded correctly. Signatures and checksums are only available from the official Apache Software Foundation site. PGP signatures and SHA/MD5 checksums are available along with the distribution. This page describes how to verify a file you have downloaded from an Apache product releases page, or from the Apache archive,Īll official releases of code distributed by the Apache Software FoundationĪre signed by the release manager for the release. ![]() Verifying Apache Software Foundation Releases ¶ ![]()
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